When facing cancer, either personally or through a loved one, nutrition often becomes an essential yet overlooked part of the journey. A well-balanced diet can support the body through treatment, improve energy levels and even aid recovery. While food cannot cure cancer, it plays a vital role in strengthening the immune system, managing side effects, and improving overall well-being.

How Nutrition Supports Cancer Care

Cancer and its treatments, such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery can take a toll on the body. Proper nutrition helps to:

  • Maintain strength and energy levels – Cancer treatments can cause fatigue, and eating nutrient-rich foods can help sustain energy.
  • Support the immune system – A healthy immune system is essential to help fight infections during treatment.
  • Aid in the healing process – Surgery and other treatments can lead to tissue damage, which requires good nutrition to repair.
  • Manage side effects – Nausea, appetite loss, and digestive issues can be mitigated with the right dietary choices.
  • Maintain a healthy weight – Cancer treatment can sometimes lead to weight loss or gain, and balanced nutrition helps regulate body weight effectively.

Key Nutrients for Cancer Patients

A varied diet that includes all essential nutrients can support overall health and well-being during cancer treatment. Some key nutrients include:

1. Protein for Strength and Repair

Protein is crucial for repairing body tissue, maintaining muscle mass, and supporting the immune system. Good sources include:

  • Lean meats (chicken, turkey)
  • Fish (salmon, mackerel, cod)
  • Eggs
  • Dairy (milk, yoghurt, cheese)
  • Plant-based sources (beans, lentils, tofu, nuts)

If appetite is low, adding protein-rich snacks like Greek yoghurt, peanut butter on toast, or a small cheese portion can help boost intake.

2. Healthy Fats for Energy

Healthy fats provide energy and help the body absorb certain vitamins. Opt for:

  • Olive oil and rapeseed oil
  • Avocados
  • Nuts and seeds
  • Oily fish (salmon, sardines, mackerel)

Limiting saturated fats (from processed foods and fried items) can help reduce inflammation and improve overall health.

3. Carbohydrates for Energy

Carbohydrates are the body’s primary energy source, which is essential when undergoing treatment. Choose whole, unprocessed carbs such as:

  • Wholegrain bread, pasta, and rice
  • Oats and porridge
  • Potatoes and sweet potatoes
  • Fruits and vegetables

Refined carbohydrates, like white bread and sugary foods, can cause energy spikes and crashes, so they should be consumed in moderation.

4. Vitamins and Minerals for Recovery

  • Vitamin C (found in citrus fruits, peppers, and leafy greens) helps with healing and immune function.
  • Vitamin D (from oily fish, fortified foods, and sunlight) supports bone health, especially if mobility is reduced.
  • Iron (in lean meats, spinach, and fortified cereals) prevents anaemia and keeps energy levels up.
  • Zinc (in meat, seafood, nuts, and dairy) aids wound healing and immunity.

A varied diet is the best way to obtain these nutrients, but some people may need supplements if advised by a healthcare professional.

Managing Common Side Effects Through Diet

Loss of Appetite

  • Eat small, frequent meals rather than large portions.
  • Keep easy-to-eat snacks on hand, such as smoothies, nuts, or crackers with cheese.
  • Choose calorie-dense foods like full-fat dairy, nut butters, and avocados.

Nausea and Vomiting

  • Opt for dry foods like toast or plain biscuits.
  • Ginger tea or ginger-based foods can help settle the stomach.
  • Stay hydrated with small sips of water, herbal teas, or diluted fruit juices.

Diarrhoea

  • Eat low-fibre foods like white rice, bananas, and plain chicken.
  • Drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
  • Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and spicy foods.

Constipation

  • Increase fibre intake with whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
  • Drink plenty of water throughout the day.
  • Stay active if possible, as movement can help digestion.

Hydration is Key

Cancer patients must stay hydrated to support digestion, circulation, and overall well-being. Aim for 6-8 glasses of fluids per day, including water, herbal teas, broths, and diluted fruit juices. Avoid excessive caffeine and alcohol, as they can contribute to dehydration.

The Role of a Balanced Diet in Recovery

After treatment, continuing a balanced diet helps the body recover and regain strength. Eating plenty of fresh, unprocessed foods can reduce the risk of other health conditions, such as heart disease and diabetes, which some cancer treatments can increase susceptibility to.

The Mediterranean diet, which includes lots of vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats, is often recommended for overall health. It is anti-inflammatory and nutrient-dense, which can be beneficial for long-term recovery (source: https://www.nhs.uk/live-well/eat-well/how-to-eat-a-balanced-diet/).

Seeking Professional Guidance

Everyone’s dietary needs during cancer treatment are different. Consulting with a dietitian or healthcare provider can help tailor nutrition plans to individual requirements. The NHS and organisations like Macmillan Cancer Support provide guidance on eating well during and after treatment (source: https://www.macmillan.org.uk/cancer-information-and-support/treatment/coping-with-side-effects/eating-well).

Final Thoughts

Nutrition plays a vital role in cancer care and recovery, helping to maintain strength, manage treatment side effects, and improve overall well-being. A diet rich in protein, healthy fats, whole grains, and essential vitamins and minerals can provide the body with the support it needs.

For those undergoing treatment, small dietary adjustments can make a big difference. Whether it’s opting for smaller, frequent meals, staying hydrated, or incorporating more nutrient-dense foods, each step can contribute to better health and improved recovery.

If you or a loved one are navigating cancer treatment, prioritising nutrition can help make the journey a little easier. Always seek professional advice to create a plan that suits your individual needs.

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